方法对比
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| 风险调整病例交叉设计× | 病例对照研究× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 流行病学 | 流行病学 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1991 (base design); risk-adjustment extensions from mid-1990s onward | 1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s |
| 提出者≠ | Malcolm Maclure (case-crossover base); extensions incorporating covariate risk adjustment developed in subsequent pharmacoepidemiology literature | Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s |
| 类型≠ | Observational analytic epidemiological design | Observational analytic study design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Maclure, M. (1991). The case-crossover design: a method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. American Journal of Epidemiology, 133(2), 144–153. DOI ↗ | Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860 |
| 别名 | adjusted case-crossover study, covariate-adjusted case-crossover, risk-controlled case-crossover, case-crossover with risk adjustment | case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis |
| 相关≠ | 4 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | The risk-adjusted case-crossover design is a self-matched epidemiological method that compares a person's exposure during a brief hazard window immediately preceding an acute event to their exposure during one or more control windows from the same individual, while formally accounting for time-varying or time-fixed covariates that could confound the exposure-event relationship. By using each case as their own control, stable individual-level confounders are automatically cancelled, while covariate adjustment handles residual time-varying risks. | A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses. |
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