方法对比

	回顾性巢式病例对照研究	嵌套病例对照研究
领域	流行病学	流行病学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1973 (formal description); widely adopted in epidemiology from 1980s onward	1973–1977
提出者	Nested case-control formalized by Mantel (1973); retrospective application via historical cohort records	Nathan Mantel (1973); D. C. Thomas (1977 formalization)
类型	Observational analytic study design	Hybrid observational study design
开创性文献	Mantel, N. (1973). Synthetic retrospective studies and related topics. Biometrics, 29(3), 479–486.	Thomas, D. C. (1977). Addendum to: Methods of cohort analysis: Appraisal by application to asbestos mining. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 140(4), 469–491.
别名	retrospective NCC, nested case-control within retrospective cohort, case-control nested in historical cohort, nested CCR	NCC study, nested CC design, case-control within cohort, density sampling case-control
相关	5	6
摘要	A retrospective nested case-control study is an efficient observational design in which cases and matched controls are sampled from within an already-assembled retrospective cohort. Exposure data are retrieved from historical records only for selected participants, dramatically reducing data-collection costs while retaining most of the analytic power of the full cohort. It is widely used in pharmacoepidemiology, occupational health, and disease-registry research.	A nested case-control study is an efficient observational design embedded within a defined cohort. For each participant who develops the outcome of interest (a case), a small number of matched controls are sampled from those still at risk at the same point in time. This density-sampling strategy yields odds ratios that approximate incidence-rate ratios from the full cohort at a fraction of the data-collection cost — making it the preferred alternative when measuring exposures for all cohort members would be prohibitively expensive or technically demanding.