方法对比
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| 回顾性诊断准确性研究× | 筛查试验评估× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 流行病学 | 流行病学 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | Formalized 2000s; STARD 2003, revised 2015 | 1968 (Wilson-Jungner principles); statistical framework developed 1970s–2000s |
| 提出者≠ | Formalized through the STARD initiative led by Patrick Bossuyt and colleagues | Wilson & Jungner (WHO criteria, 1968); foundational work by Pepe, Altman, and others in statistical test evaluation |
| 类型≠ | Observational, retrospective study design | Observational diagnostic / epidemiological evaluation design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., et al. (2015). STARD 2015: An Updated List of Essential Items for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. BMJ, 351, h5527. DOI ↗ | Wilson, J. M. G., & Jungner, G. (1968). Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease. World Health Organization. Public Health Papers No. 34. link ↗ |
| 别名 | retrospective DAS, retrospective test accuracy study, retrospective index test evaluation, historical diagnostic accuracy study | screening study, screening performance evaluation, screening accuracy assessment, STE |
| 相关≠ | 5 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | A retrospective diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well a diagnostic test (the index test) correctly identifies a target condition by applying it to previously collected data or archived specimens alongside a reference standard. Because both index test results and reference standard results are drawn from existing records or stored material rather than generated prospectively, this design is faster and less costly than a prospective counterpart — but carries specific methodological risks that must be controlled to produce valid estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and related measures. | Screening test evaluation is a systematic epidemiological approach for assessing whether a test or program can accurately and cost-effectively identify individuals with a condition before symptoms appear. It quantifies diagnostic performance metrics — sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the ROC curve — and evaluates whether a screening program meets established public health criteria for adoption and harm-benefit balance. |
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