方法对比
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| 回顾性病例对照研究× | 病例-交叉设计× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 流行病学 | 流行病学 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1950s–1960s (formal methodology) | 1991 |
| 提出者≠ | Jerome Cornfield; formalized by Brian MacMahon and others in mid-20th-century epidemiology | Malcolm Maclure |
| 类型≠ | Observational analytical study | Observational epidemiological study design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Schlesselman, J. J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195029338 | Maclure, M. (1991). The case-crossover design: A method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. American Journal of Epidemiology, 133(2), 144–153. DOI ↗ |
| 别名 | case-control study, retrospective case-referent study, case-referent design, trohoc study | case-crossover study, CCO design, self-matched case study, within-person crossover case study |
| 相关≠ | 5 | 3 |
| 摘要≠ | A retrospective case-control study identifies individuals who already have an outcome of interest (cases) and a comparable group without it (controls), then looks backward in time using existing records to determine prior exposure to a suspected risk factor. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio. This design is especially efficient for studying rare diseases or outcomes with long latency periods, since the outcome has already occurred before the study begins. | The case-crossover design is an observational epidemiological method that estimates whether a transient exposure triggers an acute event by comparing each case's exposure during a brief hazard window immediately before the event to their own exposure during earlier control periods. Because each person serves as their own control, all stable personal characteristics are automatically adjusted for, making the design especially powerful for studying intermittent exposures and sudden-onset outcomes such as myocardial infarction, stroke, or injury. |
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