方法对比

	远程调查	结构化访谈
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1970s–present (formalised by Dillman 1978; expanded to internet surveys 2000s)	1940s–1950s
提出者	Don A. Dillman (Tailored Design Method for mail/remote surveys)	Survey research tradition; formalized by Campbell, Katona, and Kahn in mid-20th century
类型	Quantitative / mixed-methods data collection technique	Quantitative / mixed data collection technique
开创性文献	Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, Phone, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method (4th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1118456149	Fontana, A., & Frey, J. H. (2000). The interview: From structured questions to negotiated text. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (2nd ed., pp. 645–672). Sage.
别名	distance survey, self-administered remote questionnaire, remote questionnaire, distributed survey	standardized interview, formal interview, schedule-based interview, fixed-format interview
相关	6	4
摘要	A remote survey is a structured data collection method in which respondents complete a questionnaire without the researcher being physically present. Delivered via mail, telephone, email, web platforms, or mobile apps, it enables researchers to reach geographically dispersed samples at relatively low cost. The method is central to social-science, public-health, and organisational research and is codified in Dillman's widely used Tailored Design Method.	A structured interview is a data collection technique in which every participant is asked exactly the same pre-specified questions in the same order, using standardized wording. Because the interview schedule is fixed, responses across participants are directly comparable, enabling quantitative aggregation and statistical analysis. It sits at the most standardized end of the interview continuum, between the self-administered questionnaire and the semi-structured interview.