方法对比

	Rasch 模型	验证性因子分析（CFA）
领域	心理测量学	心理测量学
方法族	Latent structure	Latent structure
起源年份	1960	1969
提出者	Georg Rasch	Karl Gustav Jöreskog
类型	Item Response Theory / Latent trait model	Hypothesis-testing latent variable model
开创性文献	Rasch, G. (1960). Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests. Danish Institute for Educational Research, Copenhagen.	Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202.
别名	1PL IRT, one-parameter logistic model, Rasch Modeli — 1PL IRT, 1PL model	CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis
相关	6	4
摘要	The Rasch model, introduced by Georg Rasch in 1960, is the simplest member of the Item Response Theory (IRT) family. It assigns a single difficulty parameter to each test item and places both item difficulties and person abilities on the same logit scale, enabling direct, sample-independent comparison of items and persons.	Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing.