方法对比

	质量功能展开	失效模式与影响分析 (FMEA)
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1966 (Japan); popularised in the West ~1988	1949 (military); widespread industrial adoption 1970s–1980s
提出者	Yoji Akao	U.S. Military / NASA (formalized by MIL-P-1629, 1949)
类型	Structured quality planning and product design method	Proactive risk analysis technique
开创性文献	Akao, Y. (Ed.). (1990). Quality Function Deployment: Integrating Customer Requirements into Product Design. Productivity Press. ISBN: 978-0915299416	Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution (2nd ed.). ASQ Quality Press. ISBN: 978-0873895989
别名	QFD, House of Quality, customer-driven engineering, voice of the customer matrix	FMEA, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, FMECA, Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis
相关	4	6
摘要	Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a structured method for translating customer needs — the voice of the customer — into specific technical requirements at every stage of product or service development. Originating in Japan in the 1960s, QFD uses a matrix-based tool called the House of Quality to make customer priorities visible, link them to engineering parameters, expose trade-offs, and maintain focus on what customers actually value throughout the design process.	Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a structured, proactive risk management technique used to identify potential failure modes in a system, process, or product design, evaluate their consequences, and prioritize corrective actions before failures occur. Originally developed for the U.S. military in 1949 and later adopted by NASA, automotive, and manufacturing industries, FMEA is now a cornerstone quality-engineering tool embedded in standards such as AIAG-VDA and ISO 9001-aligned processes.