方法对比

	Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R)	Risk-Needs Assessment
领域	Criminology	Criminology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1991	1990
提出者	Robert D. Hare	Donald A. Andrews & James Bonta
类型	Clinician-rated psychopathy assessment scale	Structured offender risk/needs assessment framework
开创性文献	Hare, R. D. (1999). Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us. Guilford Press. ISBN: 9781572304512	Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J. (2010). The Psychology of Criminal Conduct (5th ed.). Routledge/Anderson. ISBN: 9781422463291
别名	PCL-R, Hare Psychopathy Checklist, Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, Hare PCL-R	RNR Assessment, Risk-Need-Responsivity Model, Risk/Needs Assessment, Criminogenic Needs Assessment
相关	3	4
摘要	The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) is the standard instrument for assessing psychopathy in forensic and correctional settings. A trained clinician rates 20 items on a three-point scale from a semi-structured interview and detailed file review, producing a total score (and two underlying factors) that index the interpersonal-affective and lifestyle-antisocial features of the construct, with scores at or above 30 typically marking psychopathy.	Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) assessment is the dominant framework for structured assessment of justice-involved people, scoring an offender's criminogenic risk and needs to decide who receives intervention, what should be targeted, and how it should be delivered. Formulated by Donald Andrews and James Bonta, it organizes the strongest predictors of reoffending into the 'Central Eight' and converts them into a total risk score that guides the intensity of correctional supervision and treatment.