方法对比

	前瞻性筛查试验评估	筛查试验评估
领域	流行病学	流行病学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1980s–2000s (STARD 2003, updated 2015)	1968 (Wilson-Jungner principles); statistical framework developed 1970s–2000s
提出者	Formalized through diagnostic accuracy methodology (Sackett, Haynes, Tugwell; STARD initiative)	Wilson & Jungner (WHO criteria, 1968); foundational work by Pepe, Altman, and others in statistical test evaluation
类型	Prospective observational study design	Observational diagnostic / epidemiological evaluation design
开创性文献	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., et al. (2015). STARD 2015: An Updated List of Essential Items for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. BMJ, 351, h5527.	Wilson, J. M. G., & Jungner, G. (1968). Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease. World Health Organization. Public Health Papers No. 34.
别名	prospective diagnostic accuracy study, prospective test performance study, forward-looking screening validation, prospective DTA study	screening study, screening performance evaluation, screening accuracy assessment, STE
相关	6	6
摘要	A prospective screening test evaluation enrolls participants before the outcome is known, applies the screening test and the reference standard in temporal sequence, and measures how accurately the test identifies individuals with or without the target condition. This forward-looking design minimizes workup bias and spectrum bias, producing estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values that are more generalizable to real clinical or public-health screening contexts than retrospective alternatives.	Screening test evaluation is a systematic epidemiological approach for assessing whether a test or program can accurately and cost-effectively identify individuals with a condition before symptoms appear. It quantifies diagnostic performance metrics — sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the ROC curve — and evaluates whether a screening program meets established public health criteria for adoption and harm-benefit balance.