方法对比

	前瞻性病例交叉设计	病例-交叉设计
领域	流行病学	流行病学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1991 (base design); prospective variant described in late 1990s–2000s	1991
提出者	Malcolm Maclure (case-crossover concept); prospective variant established by subsequent methodologists including Navidi and Weinhandl	Malcolm Maclure
类型	Observational epidemiological study design	Observational epidemiological study design
开创性文献	Maclure, M. (1991). The case-crossover design: a method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. American Journal of Epidemiology, 133(2), 144–153.	Maclure, M. (1991). The case-crossover design: A method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. American Journal of Epidemiology, 133(2), 144–153.
别名	prospective case-crossover study, forward-looking case-crossover, prospective self-controlled case-crossover, real-time case-crossover	case-crossover study, CCO design, self-matched case study, within-person crossover case study
相关	3	3
摘要	The prospective case-crossover design is an observational epidemiological study in which each case serves as their own control. Unlike the retrospective variant, exposures are recorded in real time as participants are followed forward, eliminating recall bias. It is particularly suited to investigating transient environmental or behavioral triggers of acute events such as myocardial infarction, asthma attacks, or road-traffic injuries.	The case-crossover design is an observational epidemiological method that estimates whether a transient exposure triggers an acute event by comparing each case's exposure during a brief hazard window immediately before the event to their own exposure during earlier control periods. Because each person serves as their own control, all stable personal characteristics are automatically adjusted for, making the design especially powerful for studying intermittent exposures and sudden-onset outcomes such as myocardial infarction, stroke, or injury.