方法对比
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| 比例分层抽样× | 多阶段抽样× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 调查方法论 | 调查方法论 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1953–1965 (formalized in survey sampling literature) | 1950s–1960s (formalized in Kish 1965 and Cochran 1977) |
| 提出者≠ | William G. Cochran; Leslie Kish | Leslie Kish; William G. Cochran |
| 类型 | Probability sampling design | Probability sampling design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407 | Kish, L. (1965). Survey Sampling. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471109495 |
| 别名 | proportionate stratified sampling, proportional allocation stratified sampling, PSRS, proportionate stratified random sampling | multistage cluster sampling, multi-stage sampling, nested sampling, hierarchical sampling |
| 相关≠ | 6 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | Proportional stratified sampling divides the target population into non-overlapping strata (subgroups defined by a key characteristic such as age band, region, or gender) and then draws a simple random sample from each stratum so that each stratum's share of the total sample matches its share of the total population. Because each subgroup is represented in exact proportion to its population weight, the resulting sample mirrors the population structure closely without requiring post-hoc weighting adjustments. | Multistage sampling is a probability-based design that selects a sample by working through two or more successive levels of a population hierarchy — for example, first selecting regions, then districts within those regions, then households within those districts. It makes large-scale surveys practical when a complete population list is unavailable or when the population is geographically dispersed, by concentrating fieldwork within a manageable number of sampled units at each stage. |
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