方法对比
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| 比例简单随机抽样× | 分层抽样× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 调查方法论 | 调查方法论 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | Mid-20th century (formalized ~1950s–1970s) | 1977 |
| 提出者≠ | William G. Cochran and survey statisticians (classical probability sampling tradition) | William G. Cochran |
| 类型≠ | Probability sampling technique | Probability-based survey sampling design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407 | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-16240-7 |
| 别名≠ | proportional SRS, probability-proportional simple random sampling, proportional random sampling | Proportional Stratified Sampling, Optimal Allocation Sampling, Stratum-Based Sampling, Tabakalı Örnekleme |
| 相关≠ | 6 | 2 |
| 摘要≠ | Proportional simple random sampling is a probability-based sampling technique in which units are drawn at random from each subgroup of the population in numbers proportional to each subgroup's share of the total population. This ensures the resulting sample mirrors the population's composition across key subgroups, while retaining the randomness and unbiasedness of simple random sampling within each group. | Stratified sampling is a probability sampling design in which the target population is partitioned into non-overlapping, exhaustive subgroups called strata, and independent probability samples are drawn within each stratum. Formalized by William G. Cochran in Sampling Techniques (1977), the method exploits known population structure to reduce variance and guarantee representativeness of all major subgroups, making it a cornerstone of large-scale survey research and official statistics. |
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