方法对比

	教育研究中的倾向得分加权	逆概率治疗加权法 (IPW / IPTW)
领域	因果推断	因果推断
方法族	Regression model	Regression model
起源年份	1983 (theory); widely adopted in education research from 2000s	2000
提出者	Rosenbaum & Rubin (foundational theory, 1983); Thoemmes & Kim (education-focused review, 2011)	Robins, Hernán & Brumback
类型	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Causal inference weighting estimator
开创性文献	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55.	Robins, J. M., Hernán, M. A., & Brumback, B. (2000). Marginal Structural Models and Causal Inference in Epidemiology. Epidemiology, 11(5), 550-560.
别名	PSW in education, inverse probability weighting in education, IPW education, propensity weighting education	IPW, IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting, marginal structural model weighting
相关	5	5
摘要	Propensity score weighting (PSW) is a quasi-experimental technique that reweights observational samples so that treated and comparison students look similar on measured background characteristics, allowing credible causal estimates of educational interventions — such as program participation, instructional method, or school type — without random assignment.	Inverse Probability Weighting is a causal-inference method that assigns each observation a weight equal to the inverse of its probability of receiving the treatment it actually received. Introduced by Robins, Hernán and Brumback (2000) for marginal structural models, it builds a pseudo-population in which treatment is independent of measured confounders, balancing selection bias.