方法对比

	政策评估倾向得分加权	逆概率治疗加权法 (IPW / IPTW)
领域	因果推断	因果推断
方法族	Regression model	Regression model
起源年份	1983/2003	2000
提出者	Rosenbaum & Rubin (1983); extended to policy evaluation by Hirano, Imbens & Ridder (2003)	Robins, Hernán & Brumback
类型	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Causal inference weighting estimator
开创性文献	Hirano, K., Imbens, G. W., & Ridder, G. (2003). Efficient Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Using the Estimated Propensity Score. Econometrica, 71(4), 1161-1189.	Robins, J. M., Hernán, M. A., & Brumback, B. (2000). Marginal Structural Models and Causal Inference in Epidemiology. Epidemiology, 11(5), 550-560.
别名	PSW policy evaluation, inverse probability weighting for policy, IPW policy evaluation, policy PSW	IPW, IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting, marginal structural model weighting
相关	6	5
摘要	Policy evaluation propensity score weighting applies inverse-probability weighting to observational data to estimate the causal effect of a policy program. By reweighting participants and non-participants so they resemble a target population, it removes selection bias from voluntary or administratively allocated program assignment without requiring randomization.	Inverse Probability Weighting is a causal-inference method that assigns each observation a weight equal to the inverse of its probability of receiving the treatment it actually received. Introduced by Robins, Hernán and Brumback (2000) for marginal structural models, it builds a pseudo-population in which treatment is independent of measured confounders, balancing selection bias.