方法对比

	政策评估倾向得分匹配	逆概率治疗加权法 (IPW / IPTW)
领域	因果推断	因果推断
方法族	Regression model	Regression model
起源年份	1983; policy evaluation adaptation 1997	2000
提出者	Rosenbaum & Rubin (1983); Heckman, Ichimura & Todd (1997) for program/policy evaluation application	Robins, Hernán & Brumback
类型	Quasi-experimental matching estimator	Causal inference weighting estimator
开创性文献	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55.	Robins, J. M., Hernán, M. A., & Brumback, B. (2000). Marginal Structural Models and Causal Inference in Epidemiology. Epidemiology, 11(5), 550-560.
别名	PSM policy evaluation, policy PSM, propensity matching for program evaluation, PSM treatment evaluation	IPW, IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting, marginal structural model weighting
相关	6	5
摘要	Policy evaluation propensity score matching applies the propensity score framework — originally developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983) and operationalized for program evaluation by Heckman et al. (1997) — to estimate the causal effect of a policy intervention. It constructs a credible comparison group from non-participants by matching them to participants on their estimated probability of receiving the treatment, enabling unbiased effect estimation without random assignment.	Inverse Probability Weighting is a causal-inference method that assigns each observation a weight equal to the inverse of its probability of receiving the treatment it actually received. Introduced by Robins, Hernán and Brumback (2000) for marginal structural models, it builds a pseudo-population in which treatment is independent of measured confounders, balancing selection bias.