方法对比

	Pilot-tested Semi-structured Interview	半结构化访谈
领域	调查方法论	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1970s–1980s (as formalised pilot testing of qualitative instruments)	1946 (Merton & Kendall); codified as a standard method through the 1980s–1990s
提出者	Standard qualitative methods practice; systematised in social research methodology literature	Robert K. Merton and Patricia Kendall (focused interview, 1946); further systematised by Steinar Kvale
类型	Qualitative data collection technique with pre-validation phase	Qualitative research method
开创性文献	Bryman, A. (2016). Social Research Methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780198714965	Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761925422
别名	pilot semi-structured interview, pre-tested qualitative interview, pilot interview protocol, trial semi-structured interview	guided interview, semi-standardized interview, focused interview, SSI
相关	4	6
摘要	A pilot-tested semi-structured interview combines the flexibility of semi-structured interviewing — a guide of open-ended questions allowing conversational depth — with a mandatory pre-study pilot phase in which the guide is trialled on a small subset of participants or informants. The pilot reveals ambiguous questions, poor sequencing, and missing topics before the main data collection begins, substantially strengthening the validity and efficiency of the final instrument.	The semi-structured interview is a qualitative data-collection method in which the researcher prepares a set of key questions or topic areas in advance but remains free to probe, follow up, and reorder as the conversation evolves. Unlike structured interviews — which fix every question and sequence — or unstructured interviews — which are entirely open — the semi-structured format balances comparability across participants with the flexibility needed to capture the depth and nuance of individual perspectives. It is the most widely used interview format in social science, health, and education research.