方法对比

	试点测试的深度访谈	半结构化访谈
领域	调查方法论	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s (pilot testing of qualitative instruments formalized)	1946 (Merton & Kendall); codified as a standard method through the 1980s–1990s
提出者	Rooted in interview methodology tradition; pilot testing practice systematized by Kvale and others	Robert K. Merton and Patricia Kendall (focused interview, 1946); further systematised by Steinar Kvale
类型	Qualitative data collection technique	Qualitative research method
开创性文献	Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761925422	Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761925422
别名	pretested in-depth interview, pilot in-depth interview, pilot-tested IDI, pilot interview protocol	guided interview, semi-standardized interview, focused interview, SSI
相关	3	6
摘要	A pilot-tested in-depth interview is a qualitative data collection approach in which the interview guide is administered to a small number of participants before the main study, specifically to identify ambiguous questions, refine probes, estimate session duration, and verify that the protocol elicits rich, relevant narratives. The revised guide is then used in the full data collection phase, improving data quality and interview consistency.	The semi-structured interview is a qualitative data-collection method in which the researcher prepares a set of key questions or topic areas in advance but remains free to probe, follow up, and reorder as the conversation evolves. Unlike structured interviews — which fix every question and sequence — or unstructured interviews — which are entirely open — the semi-structured format balances comparability across participants with the flexibility needed to capture the depth and nuance of individual perspectives. It is the most widely used interview format in social science, health, and education research.