方法对比

	试点整群抽样	多阶段抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Mid-20th century (cluster sampling foundations); 2000s (pilot study formalization)	1950s–1960s (formalized in Kish 1965 and Cochran 1977)
提出者	Rooted in W. G. Cochran's cluster sampling theory (1953) combined with pilot-study methodology formalized by Lancaster, Dodd & Williamson (2004) and Thabane et al. (2010)	Leslie Kish; William G. Cochran
类型	Probability sampling feasibility design	Probability sampling design
开创性文献	Thabane, L., Ma, J., Chu, R., Cheng, J., Ismaila, A., Rios, L. P., & Goldsmith, C. H. (2010). A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 10(1), 1.	Kish, L. (1965). Survey Sampling. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471109495
别名	pilot area sampling, feasibility cluster sample, preliminary cluster survey, pilot cluster survey	multistage cluster sampling, multi-stage sampling, nested sampling, hierarchical sampling
相关	4	5
摘要	Pilot cluster sampling is the application of a cluster sampling protocol on a small, preliminary scale to evaluate the feasibility, logistics, and parameter estimates needed before committing to a full-scale cluster survey. A subset of clusters is randomly selected and fully surveyed, yielding estimates of the intraclass correlation (ICC), design effect, recruitment rates, and operational costs. These findings directly inform the sample size and cluster allocation of the definitive survey.	Multistage sampling is a probability-based design that selects a sample by working through two or more successive levels of a population hierarchy — for example, first selecting regions, then districts within those regions, then households within those districts. It makes large-scale surveys practical when a complete population list is unavailable or when the population is geographically dispersed, by concentrating fieldwork within a manageable number of sampled units at each stage.