方法对比

	参与式并行三角混合方法	参与式行动研究 (PAR)
领域	研究设计	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2000s–2010s	1940s (Lewin); PAR as distinct tradition formalised ~1970s–1980s
提出者	Creswell & Plano Clark (concurrent triangulation); Mertens and Israel & Schulz (participatory lens)	Kurt Lewin (action research foundations, 1940s); systematised for participatory contexts by Orlando Fals Borda, Paulo Freire, and William Foote Whyte
类型	Mixed methods research design	Qualitative research method
开创性文献	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483338064	Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The Action Research Planner: Doing Critical Participatory Action Research. Springer.
别名	participatory QUAN+QUAL design, community-based concurrent triangulation, participatory convergent mixed methods, PAR concurrent triangulation	PAR, community-based participatory research, collaborative action research, participatory inquiry
相关	3	6
摘要	Participatory concurrent triangulation mixed methods is a research design that embeds a participatory worldview — prioritising community involvement, co-ownership, and social change — within a concurrent triangulation structure, in which quantitative and qualitative data are collected at the same time, analysed independently, and then merged to compare or validate findings. The design is used when researchers need both statistical breadth and lived-experience depth, and when the community affected by the research must be meaningfully involved throughout.	Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a qualitative, community-centred methodology in which researchers and community members collaborate as co-investigators to identify a shared problem, take deliberate action, observe outcomes, and reflect critically on results — cycling iteratively until meaningful change is achieved. Unlike conventional research that studies people from the outside, PAR treats participants as active agents who co-own the research process, the knowledge produced, and the practical interventions that follow.