方法对比

	面板数据倾向得分加权	倾向得分加权法 (PSW / IPW)
领域	因果推断	因果推断
方法族	Regression model	Regression model
起源年份	2000-2003	1983 (propensity score); 2003 (efficient IPW estimator)
提出者	Hirano, Imbens & Ridder; Robins, Hernan & Brumback	Rosenbaum & Rubin (propensity score); Hirano, Imbens & Ridder (efficient weighting)
类型	Causal inference / panel weighting	Causal inference / reweighting
开创性文献	Hirano, K., Imbens, G. W., & Ridder, G. (2003). Efficient Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Using the Estimated Propensity Score. Econometrica, 71(4), 1161-1189.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55.
别名	panel PSW, panel IPW, longitudinal propensity score weighting, panel inverse probability weighting	PSW, inverse probability weighting, IPW, propensity-based weighting
相关	5	6
摘要	Panel Data Propensity Score Weighting (panel PSW) extends inverse probability weighting to longitudinal settings where the same units are observed across multiple time periods. It reweights observations by the inverse of each unit's time-varying probability of receiving treatment, creating a pseudo-population in which treatment is balanced on observed covariates at each period, and then estimates causal effects from repeated-measures data.	Propensity score weighting is a causal-inference method that reweights observations so that the covariate distributions of treated and untreated units look exchangeable, enabling unbiased estimation of average treatment effects from observational data. Each unit receives a weight that is the inverse of its probability of receiving the treatment it actually received — a strategy formalised by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983) and given its efficient semiparametric form by Hirano, Imbens and Ridder (2003).