方法对比

	有序Rasch模型（评分量表模型和部分得分模型）	Rasch 模型
领域	心理测量学	心理测量学
方法族	Latent structure	Latent structure
起源年份	1978–1982	1960
提出者	David Andrich (RSM, 1978); Geoff Masters (PCM, 1982)	Georg Rasch
类型	Item response model for ordered categories	Item Response Theory / Latent trait model
开创性文献	Andrich, D. (1978). A rating formulation for ordered response categories. Psychometrika, 43(4), 561–573.	Rasch, G. (1960). Probabilistic Models for Some Intelligence and Attainment Tests. Danish Institute for Educational Research, Copenhagen.
别名	Rating Scale Model, Partial Credit Model, RSM, PCM	1PL IRT, one-parameter logistic model, Rasch Modeli — 1PL IRT, 1PL model
相关	6	6
摘要	The ordinal Rasch model extends the dichotomous Rasch framework to items with ordered response categories such as Likert-type scales. It places both persons and items on a shared interval-level metric, enabling principled measurement from ordinal data while checking whether items function consistently across all response thresholds.	The Rasch model, introduced by Georg Rasch in 1960, is the simplest member of the Item Response Theory (IRT) family. It assigns a single difficulty parameter to each test item and places both item difficulties and person abilities on the same logit scale, enabling direct, sample-independent comparison of items and persons.