方法对比
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| 序数测量不变性检验× | 差异项目功能 (DIF)× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 心理测量学 | 心理测量学 |
| 方法族 | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| 起源年份≠ | 1984–2011 | 1970s–1993 |
| 提出者≠ | Roger Millsap; Bengt Muthén | William H. Angoff and colleagues (ETS); systematized by Holland & Wainer |
| 类型≠ | Multi-group model comparison | Item-level bias detection |
| 开创性文献≠ | Millsap, R. E. (2011). Statistical Approaches to Measurement Invariance. Routledge. ISBN: 978-1848728936 | Holland, P. W. & Wainer, H. (Eds.) (1993). Differential Item Functioning. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805809589 |
| 别名 | ordinal MI, measurement invariance for ordinal data, ordinal CFA invariance, categorical measurement invariance | DIF, item bias analysis, measurement non-equivalence, item-level measurement bias |
| 相关≠ | 6 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | Ordinal measurement invariance testing evaluates whether a multi-group confirmatory factor model holds equivalent measurement properties across groups when scale items are ordinal — such as Likert-type response scales. It uses polychoric correlations and categorical estimators (WLSMV/DWLS) rather than Pearson-based methods, correcting the systematic bias that arises when ordinal data are treated as continuous. | Differential item functioning identifies test or survey items that behave differently for examinees from different groups — such as gender, ethnicity, or language background — after controlling for the underlying ability or trait being measured. DIF analysis is essential for fairness evaluation in educational testing and psychological scale development. |
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