方法对比

	口述史	案例研究	民族志
领域	质性	质性	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1948 (modern disciplinary form); broader roots in 19th-century folklore and anthropology	1984 (seminal codification)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
提出者	Allan Nevins (Columbia University Oral History Project, 1948); earlier roots in folk-life and anthropological fieldwork	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
类型	Qualitative research method	Qualitative research design	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
开创性文献	Ritchie, D. A. (2003). Doing Oral History: A Practical Guide (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195176957	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
别名	life history interview, oral testimony, spoken history, oral narrative research	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
相关	6	5	5
摘要	Oral history is a qualitative research method that collects, preserves, and interprets first-person spoken accounts of past events, experiences, and social processes. By recording in-depth interviews with individuals who witnessed or participated in historical events, oral historians document perspectives that written records often exclude. The method bridges historical scholarship and social science, treating the narrator's memory, subjectivity, and voice as primary evidence rather than as limitations to be corrected.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.