方法对比

	在线异常案例抽样	最大变异抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s (deviant case strategy); online variant ~2000s–2010s	1985 (Lincoln & Guba); elaborated 1990–2002 (Patton)
提出者	Patton, M. Q. (deviant case strategy); online adaptation via web-based qualitative research practice	Lincoln & Guba; systematised by Michael Quinn Patton
类型	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy (online variant)	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
开创性文献	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. [Chapter 5: Purposeful Sampling, deviant/extreme case strategy, pp. 231-234] ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. Chapter 5: Purposeful Sampling. ISBN: 978-0761919711
别名	online extreme case sampling, internet-based deviant case sampling, online outlier sampling, web-based atypical case sampling	maximum variation sampling, maximum diversity sampling, MVS, heterogeneous sampling
相关	5	5
摘要	Online deviant case sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher deliberately seeks out and recruits participants who represent extreme, unusual, or outlier instances of the phenomenon under study, using online channels such as forums, social media, specialist communities, or digital registries. It inherits the logic of Patton's deviant (extreme) case sampling and applies it in internet-mediated research contexts where rare or hard-to-reach atypical cases can be located more efficiently than through face-to-face methods.	Maximum variation sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects cases that span the widest possible range of variation on dimensions central to the study. The goal is not statistical representation but the identification of common patterns that cut across diverse cases as well as the documentation of the unique ways each context shapes the phenomenon under investigation.