方法对比

	普通最小二乘法 (OLS) 回归	加权最小二乘法 (WLS)	White异方差检验
领域	计量经济学	统计学	计量经济学
方法族	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
起源年份	2019	1935	1980
提出者	Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares	Alexander Craig Aitken	Halbert White
类型	Linear regression	Weighted linear estimator	General test for heteroskedasticity
开创性文献	Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860	Aitken, A. C. (1935). IV.—On least squares and linear combination of observations. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 55, 42–48.	White, H. (1980). A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica, 48(4), 817–838.
别名	ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu	WLS, weighted regression, heteroscedasticity-corrected OLS, variance-weighted least squares	White's general heteroskedasticity test, White değişen varyans testi
相关	5	3	3
摘要	Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE).	Weighted Least Squares is a generalization of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression that assigns each observation a weight inversely proportional to its error variance, thereby down-weighting high-variance data points and up-weighting precise ones. Introduced in its general matrix form by Alexander Craig Aitken in 1935, WLS is the canonical remedy when heteroscedasticity is present and the error variance structure is known or can be reliably estimated.	The White test, introduced by Halbert White in 1980, is a general test for heteroskedasticity that makes no assumption about its functional form. It regresses the squared OLS residuals on the regressors, their squares, and their cross-products, so it can detect heteroskedasticity related to any of these terms. The same 1980 paper introduced the heteroskedasticity-consistent ('White') standard errors that are the standard remedy when the test rejects.