方法对比

	Network Agenda-Setting	Manifest Content Analysis
领域	Communication	Communication
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2011	1952
提出者	Lei Guo & Maxwell McCombs	Bernard Berelson; codified by Klaus Krippendorff
类型	Network-analytic extension of agenda-setting theory	Systematic quantitative coding of explicit message content
开创性文献	Guo, L. (2012). The application of social network analysis in agenda-setting research: A methodological exploration. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56(4), 616–631.	Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. ISBN: 9780761915454
别名	Network agenda setting model, Third-level agenda setting, NAS model, Ağ Gündem Belirleme	Quantitative manifest coding, Surface-content analysis, Manifest-level content analysis, Berelson content analysis
相关	4	5
摘要	Network agenda-setting (NAS), also called third-level agenda setting, extends classic agenda-setting theory by proposing that news media transfer to the public not only the salience of issues (first level) and of attributes (second level), but the very web of associations among issues and attributes. Introduced by Lei Guo and Maxwell McCombs, the method represents the media agenda and the public agenda as networks and tests whether the media's bundling of elements is reproduced in the public's mind.	Manifest content analysis is a quantitative research technique that systematically counts the explicit, surface-level features of communication messages — words, sources, themes, images, or actors that are directly visible in the text or media artifact — according to a predefined coding scheme. Rooted in Bernard Berelson's classic definition of content analysis as the 'objective, systematic, and quantitative description of the manifest content of communication,' it is one of the foundational empirical methods of mass communication and media research.