方法对比

	认知需求量表	康纳-戴维森韧性量表
领域	社会心理学	社会心理学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1982	2003
提出者	John Cacioppo and Richard Petty	Kathryn Connor and Jonathan Davidson
类型	Intellectual engagement and cognitive motivation measure	Psychological resilience and stress coping measure
开创性文献	Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E. (1982). The need for cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(1), 116–131.	Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82.
别名	NCS, Cacioppo Need for Cognition, Intellectual Engagement Scale	CD-RISC, Connor-Davidson Scale, Resilience Scale
相关	3	3
摘要	The Need for Cognition Scale (NCS) is an 18-item measure assessing individual differences in the tendency to engage in and enjoy cognitive effort. Developed by John Cacioppo and Richard Petty in 1982, the NCS operationalizes need for cognition as a stable personality trait reflecting preference for thinking about complex problems, enthusiasm for intellectual pursuits, and intrinsic enjoyment of cognitive challenge. A brief 9-item version (NCS-9) is also available. The scale has become standard in psychology research examining motivation for learning, persuasion, decision-making, and academic achievement.	The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is a 25-item self-report measure of psychological resilience—the capacity to cope with stress, adversity, and trauma while maintaining psychological functioning. Developed by Kathryn Connor and Jonathan Davidson in 2003, the CD-RISC operationalizes resilience as a multidimensional construct encompassing personal competence, trust in instincts, positive adaptation, and meaning-making. A brief 10-item version (CD-RISC-10) is also widely available. The scale has become standard in clinical research on trauma, anxiety, depression, and recovery from adversity.