方法对比

	多源焦点小组	名义小组技术
领域	调查方法论	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1980s–1990s	1971
提出者	Developed from focus group methodology; formalized in applied social research (Krueger, Morgan, and colleagues)	André L. Delbecq and Andrew H. Van de Ven
类型	Qualitative data collection technique	Qualitative research method
开创性文献	Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2015). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244	Delbecq, A. L., & Van de Ven, A. H. (1971). A group process model for problem identification and program planning. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 7(4), 466–492.
别名	multi-stakeholder focus group, multiple-source focus group, cross-source focus group, MSFG	NGT, structured group process, nominal group process, priority-setting group method
相关	4	6
摘要	The multi-source focus group method extends the standard focus group design by deliberately recruiting participants from two or more distinct stakeholder groups — for example, clinicians and patients, teachers and students, or managers and frontline staff. Separate sessions are held for each source group using a shared discussion protocol, and the resulting data are analyzed both within each group and across groups to reveal convergences, tensions, and perspectives that no single-source design could uncover.	The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) is a structured group facilitation method designed to generate and prioritise ideas, problems, or solutions while ensuring equal participation from all members. Developed by Delbecq and Van de Ven in 1971, it combines silent individual idea generation with structured group discussion and systematic voting to produce a ranked list of priorities. Unlike unstructured focus groups, NGT prevents dominant voices from suppressing quieter participants, making it especially valuable for needs assessment, program planning, and stakeholder priority-setting in applied research and policy contexts.