方法对比

	多源德尔菲技术	焦点小组研究
领域	调查方法论	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1975–2000s	1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s
提出者	Extension of the classic Delphi method; multi-source framing attributed to diverse practitioners building on Linstone & Turoff (1975)	Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger
类型	Structured consensus-building technique	Qualitative data collection method
开创性文献	Linstone, H. A., & Turoff, M. (Eds.). (1975). The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications. Addison-Wesley.	Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244
别名	Multi-stakeholder Delphi, Diverse-panel Delphi, Multi-group Delphi, MSDT	focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması
相关	3	6
摘要	The Multi-source Delphi Technique is a structured, iterative consensus-building method that deliberately recruits expert panellists from multiple, distinct stakeholder groups or knowledge sources. By ensuring that no single professional community or institution dominates the panel, it reduces homogeneity bias and captures a broader range of perspectives than a conventional single-group Delphi. Panellists respond anonymously across successive rounds, receiving aggregated group feedback between rounds until consensus or a stable level of agreement is reached.	Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting.