方法对比

	多层分层抽样	多层整群抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1950s–1970s	1950s-1970s (cluster sampling); multilevel extension formalized 1980s-1990s
提出者	Formalized by Leslie Kish and William G. Cochran in the mid-20th century survey sampling literature	W. G. Cochran (cluster sampling foundations); extended into multilevel contexts by survey methodologists
类型	Probability sampling design	Probability sampling design
开创性文献	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471162407
别名	hierarchical stratified sampling, nested stratified sampling, multilevel stratified design, stratified multilevel sampling	hierarchical cluster sampling, nested cluster sampling, multi-stage cluster sampling, clustered multilevel sampling
相关	6	6
摘要	Multi-level stratified sampling applies stratification at two or more hierarchical levels of a nested population structure — for example, first stratifying geographic regions, then stratifying schools within each region, then stratifying classrooms within each school. This layered control over the composition of the sample at every level reduces variance and supports analysis at each level of the hierarchy, making it a powerful design for large-scale educational, epidemiological, and organizational surveys.	Multi-level cluster sampling is a probability sampling design for hierarchically structured populations — such as students nested within classrooms within schools within districts. Clusters are randomly selected at each level of the hierarchy before individual units are sampled within the final-level clusters. The design mirrors the natural nesting of real-world populations and enables efficient large-scale data collection while supporting multilevel statistical analysis.