方法对比
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| 多层整群抽样× | 简单随机抽样× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 调查方法论 | 调查方法论 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1950s-1970s (cluster sampling); multilevel extension formalized 1980s-1990s | Early 20th century; systematized by Cochran 1953/1977 |
| 提出者≠ | W. G. Cochran (cluster sampling foundations); extended into multilevel contexts by survey methodologists | William Gosset, Jerzy Neyman, and formalized by William Cochran |
| 类型 | Probability sampling design | Probability sampling design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471162407 | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407 |
| 别名 | hierarchical cluster sampling, nested cluster sampling, multi-stage cluster sampling, clustered multilevel sampling | SRS, unrestricted random sampling, equal-probability sampling, EPSEM |
| 相关 | 6 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | Multi-level cluster sampling is a probability sampling design for hierarchically structured populations — such as students nested within classrooms within schools within districts. Clusters are randomly selected at each level of the hierarchy before individual units are sampled within the final-level clusters. The design mirrors the natural nesting of real-world populations and enables efficient large-scale data collection while supporting multilevel statistical analysis. | Simple random sampling (SRS) is the foundational probability sampling method in which every unit in the population has an equal and independent chance of being selected. Because selection is governed purely by chance, SRS eliminates systematic bias, supports unbiased estimation of population parameters, and provides the statistical baseline against which all more complex probability designs are evaluated. |
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