方法对比
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| 多群体项目反应理论 (MG-IRT)× | 差异项目功能 (DIF)× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 心理测量学 | 心理测量学 |
| 方法族 | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| 起源年份≠ | 1990s | 1970s–1993 |
| 提出者≠ | Multiple contributors; formalized by Birnbaum (1968) for IRT; multi-group extensions developed through 1980s–1990s | William H. Angoff and colleagues (ETS); systematized by Holland & Wainer |
| 类型≠ | Latent trait / measurement invariance | Item-level bias detection |
| 开创性文献≠ | Embretson, S. E. & Reise, S. P. (2000). Item Response Theory for Psychologists. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805828191 | Holland, P. W. & Wainer, H. (Eds.) (1993). Differential Item Functioning. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805809589 |
| 别名 | MG-IRT, multiple-group IRT, multi-group latent trait model, IRT across groups | DIF, item bias analysis, measurement non-equivalence, item-level measurement bias |
| 相关≠ | 6 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | Multi-group item response theory fits IRT models simultaneously across two or more defined groups — such as males and females, or different cultural samples — to determine whether item parameters are invariant across those groups. It is the primary IRT-based framework for testing measurement equivalence and detecting differential item functioning (DIF) at the model level. | Differential item functioning identifies test or survey items that behave differently for examinees from different groups — such as gender, ethnicity, or language background — after controlling for the underlying ability or trait being measured. DIF analysis is essential for fairness evaluation in educational testing and psychological scale development. |
| ScholarGate数据集 ↗ |
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