方法对比

	多群体项目分析	多组验证性因子分析 (MG-CFA)
领域	心理测量学	心理测量学
方法族	Latent structure	Latent structure
起源年份	1986	1971
提出者	Classical test theory tradition; systematised by Crocker & Algina (1986)	Karl Jöreskog
类型	Comparative item-level analysis	Measurement model / invariance test
开创性文献	Crocker, L. & Algina, J. (1986). Introduction to Classical and Modern Test Theory. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 978-0030616341	Vandenberg, R. J. & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70.
别名	MGIA, group-comparative item analysis, subgroup item analysis, cross-group item analysis	MG-CFA, multi-group CFA, measurement invariance testing, multi-sample CFA
相关	6	6
摘要	Multi-group item analysis computes classical item statistics — difficulty, discrimination, and corrected item-total correlations — separately for each subgroup in a sample and then compares those statistics across groups. It is a standard diagnostic step in scale development and test fairness evaluation, revealing items that behave differently for men versus women, across age cohorts, or across cultural groups before more formal DIF testing.	Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis tests whether a measurement model holds equivalently across two or more groups — such as cultures, genders, or time points. By imposing increasingly stringent equality constraints and comparing model fit, it determines whether comparisons of latent mean scores are justified.