方法对比
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| 多组别项目功能差异 (MG-DIF)× | 验证性因子分析（CFA）× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 心理测量学 | 心理测量学 |
| 方法族 | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| 起源年份≠ | 1980s-1990s | 1969 |
| 提出者≠ | Shealy & Stout (SIBTEST framework); Lord (IRT-based DIF) | Karl Gustav Jöreskog |
| 类型≠ | Measurement bias detection | Hypothesis-testing latent variable model |
| 开创性文献≠ | Millsap, R. E. (2012). Statistical Approaches to Measurement Invariance. Routledge. ISBN: 978-1848728936 | Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202. DOI ↗ |
| 别名 | MG-DIF, multi-group DIF, differential item functioning across groups, multiple-group DIF analysis | CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis |
| 相关≠ | 6 | 4 |
| 摘要≠ | Multi-group differential item functioning examines whether test or scale items function equivalently across three or more distinct groups — such as gender, ethnicity, or country — after matching respondents on the underlying trait being measured. Items that behave differently across groups threaten fair measurement and valid score comparisons. | Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing. |
| ScholarGate数据集 ↗ |
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