方法对比

	混合方法研究	内容分析	调查研究
领域	质性	质性	研究设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	—	Systematised through Krippendorff's methodology work; 4th edition 2018	Late 19th century; methodologically systematised 1940s–1960s
提出者	—	Klaus Krippendorff (systematic formulation); roots in early 20th-century communications research	Francis Galton, Charles Booth, and early social statisticians; systematised by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues at Columbia in the 1940s
类型	Research design framework	Qualitative / mixed-method research technique	Quantitative (and mixed) non-experimental design
开创性文献	Creswell, J.W. & Plano Clark, V.L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483344379	Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (4th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506395661	Fowler, F. J. (2014). Survey Research Methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1452259000
别名	Karma Yöntem Araştırması (Mixed Methods), multi-method research, triangulation design	İçerik Analizi, systematic content coding, quantitative content analysis	survey methodology, questionnaire research, survey design, survey study
相关	4	5	4
摘要	Mixed methods research is a systematic research design in which quantitative and qualitative data are collected and analysed within a single study. Formalised by Creswell and Plano Clark (2003, 3rd ed. 2018), it offers three principal design variants — concurrent, sequential, and transformative — and strengthens findings through triangulation across both data strands.	Content analysis is a systematic research technique for reducing text, visual, or media material into coded categories so that patterns can be counted, compared, and interpreted. Formalised by Klaus Krippendorff in his widely cited methodology textbook (latest edition 2018), the method sits at the boundary of qualitative and quantitative inquiry: it imposes structured, replicable coding on inherently meaning-laden material.	Survey research is a quantitative (and sometimes mixed-methods) design in which a researcher collects standardised self-report data from a sample drawn from a defined population, using a questionnaire or structured interview. It is the dominant non-experimental strategy for describing population characteristics, estimating prevalence, mapping attitude distributions, and testing bivariate or multivariate associations across social, behavioural, and health sciences.