方法对比

	匹配筛查试验评估	匹配病例对照研究
领域	流行病学	流行病学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1980s–2000s (formalized alongside diagnostic accuracy methodology)	1950s–1970s
提出者	Methodological synthesis from matched case-control and diagnostic accuracy traditions (Pepe, Zhou, and others)	Brian MacMahon and others; systematised by Schlesselman (1982)
类型	Observational diagnostic study with matched design	Observational analytic design
开创性文献	Pepe, M. S. (2003). The Statistical Evaluation of Medical Tests for Classification and Prediction. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0198509844	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755474
别名	matched diagnostic accuracy study, paired screening evaluation, matched-pair test performance study, matched screening assessment	matched case-referent study, individually matched case-control, pair-matched case-control, matched case-control design
相关	6	5
摘要	Matched screening test evaluation assesses the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of a screening or diagnostic test using a matched design, in which disease-positive cases are paired with one or more disease-free controls selected to share key characteristics such as age, sex, or clinical setting. Matching controls for confounders before measuring test performance produces more precise and less biased estimates of diagnostic accuracy, and enables direct paired comparisons of competing tests within the same subjects.	A matched case-control study is an observational epidemiological design in which each case (a person with the disease or outcome of interest) is paired with one or more controls (persons without the outcome) who share one or more characteristics — such as age, sex, or clinical setting — to control confounding. Exposure history is then compared between cases and their matched controls to estimate the odds ratio of the exposure-disease association.