方法对比

	配对横断面流行病学研究	匹配病例对照研究
领域	流行病学	流行病学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Mid-to-late 20th century (formalized ~1970s–1990s)	1950s–1970s
提出者	Developed within the tradition of observational epidemiology; matching principles codified by Greenland, Rothman, and Kelsey in modern epidemiology texts	Brian MacMahon and others; systematised by Schlesselman (1982)
类型	Observational epidemiological study design	Observational analytic design
开创性文献	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755474
别名	matched cross-sectional survey, matched prevalence study, matched cross-sectional design, frequency-matched cross-sectional study	matched case-referent study, individually matched case-control, pair-matched case-control, matched case-control design
相关	5	5
摘要	A matched cross-sectional epidemiological study is an observational design that measures exposure and outcome simultaneously in a population sample while applying matching to control for one or more confounding variables. By pairing or grouping participants on key characteristics such as age, sex, or socioeconomic status before or during analysis, the design reduces confounding bias without requiring longitudinal follow-up, making it efficient for estimating prevalence and cross-sectional associations.	A matched case-control study is an observational epidemiological design in which each case (a person with the disease or outcome of interest) is paired with one or more controls (persons without the outcome) who share one or more characteristics — such as age, sex, or clinical setting — to control confounding. Exposure history is then compared between cases and their matched controls to estimate the odds ratio of the exposure-disease association.