方法对比
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| 匹配队列研究× | 病例对照研究× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 流行病学 | 流行病学 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | Mid-20th century; propensity-score variant 1983 | 1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s |
| 提出者≠ | Established practice; propensity-score matching formalized by Rosenbaum & Rubin (1983) | Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s |
| 类型 | Observational analytic study design | Observational analytic study design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 | Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860 |
| 别名 | matched follow-up study, paired cohort study, propensity-matched cohort, matched prospective study | case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis |
| 相关≠ | 5 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | A matched cohort study is an observational design in which each exposed participant is paired with one or more unexposed counterparts who share key characteristics — such as age, sex, or comorbidity status — before both groups are followed forward in time to compare incident outcomes. Matching controls for measured confounders at the design stage, reducing bias that would otherwise require statistical adjustment alone. | A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses. |
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