方法对比

	匹配病例报告	匹配病例对照研究
领域	流行病学	流行病学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Late 20th century (widely used from 1990s onward in pharmacovigilance and rare-disease literature)	1950s–1970s
提出者	Evolved from standard clinical case reporting practice; no single originator	Brian MacMahon and others; systematised by Schlesselman (1982)
类型	Observational descriptive design with comparator	Observational analytic design
开创性文献	Gagnier, J. J., Kienle, G., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., Sox, H., & Riley, D. (2013). The CARE guidelines: consensus-based clinical case reporting guideline development. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 7, 223.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755474
别名	matched case write-up, case report with matched comparator, matched single-case report, comparator-matched case report	matched case-referent study, individually matched case-control, pair-matched case-control, matched case-control design
相关	5	5
摘要	A matched case report is a structured clinical case write-up in which the index patient is compared against one or more systematically selected matched comparators — typically patients with similar demographics, comorbidities, or clinical settings who did not experience the same unusual outcome. The matched comparator contextualises the index case, strengthening causal inference beyond what a conventional single case report can support, and is used particularly in pharmacovigilance, rare-disease documentation, and novel-intervention reporting.	A matched case-control study is an observational epidemiological design in which each case (a person with the disease or outcome of interest) is paired with one or more controls (persons without the outcome) who share one or more characteristics — such as age, sex, or clinical setting — to control confounding. Exposure history is then compared between cases and their matched controls to estimate the odds ratio of the exposure-disease association.