方法对比

	匹配病例报告	病例-交叉设计
领域	流行病学	流行病学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Late 20th century (widely used from 1990s onward in pharmacovigilance and rare-disease literature)	1991
提出者	Evolved from standard clinical case reporting practice; no single originator	Malcolm Maclure
类型	Observational descriptive design with comparator	Observational epidemiological study design
开创性文献	Gagnier, J. J., Kienle, G., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., Sox, H., & Riley, D. (2013). The CARE guidelines: consensus-based clinical case reporting guideline development. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 7, 223.	Maclure, M. (1991). The case-crossover design: A method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. American Journal of Epidemiology, 133(2), 144–153.
别名	matched case write-up, case report with matched comparator, matched single-case report, comparator-matched case report	case-crossover study, CCO design, self-matched case study, within-person crossover case study
相关	5	3
摘要	A matched case report is a structured clinical case write-up in which the index patient is compared against one or more systematically selected matched comparators — typically patients with similar demographics, comorbidities, or clinical settings who did not experience the same unusual outcome. The matched comparator contextualises the index case, strengthening causal inference beyond what a conventional single case report can support, and is used particularly in pharmacovigilance, rare-disease documentation, and novel-intervention reporting.	The case-crossover design is an observational epidemiological method that estimates whether a transient exposure triggers an acute event by comparing each case's exposure during a brief hazard window immediately before the event to their own exposure during earlier control periods. Because each person serves as their own control, all stable personal characteristics are automatically adjusted for, making the design especially powerful for studying intermittent exposures and sudden-onset outcomes such as myocardial infarction, stroke, or injury.