方法对比
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| 匹配病例对照研究× | 队列研究× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 流行病学 | 流行病学 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1950s–1970s | Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s) |
| 提出者≠ | Brian MacMahon and others; systematised by Schlesselman (1982) | Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854) |
| 类型≠ | Observational analytic design | Observational longitudinal study design |
| 开创性文献 | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755474 | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 |
| 别名 | matched case-referent study, individually matched case-control, pair-matched case-control, matched case-control design | longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study |
| 相关≠ | 5 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | A matched case-control study is an observational epidemiological design in which each case (a person with the disease or outcome of interest) is paired with one or more controls (persons without the outcome) who share one or more characteristics — such as age, sex, or clinical setting — to control confounding. Exposure history is then compared between cases and their matched controls to estimate the odds ratio of the exposure-disease association. | A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome. |
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