方法对比

	纵向结构化访谈	半结构化访谈
领域	调查方法论	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1970s–present	1946 (Merton & Kendall); codified as a standard method through the 1980s–1990s
提出者	Established practice in panel and cohort research; codified in survey methodology literature from the 1970s onward	Robert K. Merton and Patricia Kendall (focused interview, 1946); further systematised by Steinar Kvale
类型	Longitudinal quantitative data collection method	Qualitative research method
开创性文献	Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922452	Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761925422
别名	panel structured interview, repeated structured interview, longitudinal survey interview, wave-based structured interview	guided interview, semi-standardized interview, focused interview, SSI
相关	4	6
摘要	A longitudinal structured interview applies a fixed, standardised interview schedule to the same participants at two or more points in time. By holding the instrument constant across waves, the method enables genuine within-person change to be measured, trends to be tracked, and causal sequences to be examined with far greater confidence than a single cross-sectional interview can provide. It is widely used in panel studies, cohort research, and programme evaluations.	The semi-structured interview is a qualitative data-collection method in which the researcher prepares a set of key questions or topic areas in advance but remains free to probe, follow up, and reorder as the conversation evolves. Unlike structured interviews — which fix every question and sequence — or unstructured interviews — which are entirely open — the semi-structured format balances comparability across participants with the flexibility needed to capture the depth and nuance of individual perspectives. It is the most widely used interview format in social science, health, and education research.