方法对比

	纵向验证性因子分析	纵向探索性因子分析 (Longitudinal EFA)
领域	心理测量学	心理测量学
方法族	Latent structure	Latent structure
起源年份	1970s–1990s	1970s–1983
提出者	Karl Jöreskog (CFA framework); longitudinal extension by Wheaton, Muthén, and Alwin in the 1970s–1990s	John R. Nesselroade and colleagues (lifespan developmental tradition)
类型	Longitudinal latent variable / measurement model	Latent variable / dimension reduction across time
开创性文献	Widaman, K. F. & Reise, S. P. (1997). Exploring the measurement invariance of psychological instruments: Applications in the substance use domain. In K. J. Bryant, M. Windle & S. G. West (Eds.), The science of prevention: Methodological advances from alcohol and substance abuse research (pp. 281–324). American Psychological Association.	Nesselroade, J. R. (1983). Temporal selection and factor invariance in the study of development and change. In P. B. Baltes & O. G. Brim (Eds.), Life-Span Development and Behavior (Vol. 5, pp. 59–87). Academic Press.
别名	longitudinal CFA, repeated-measures CFA, longitudinal measurement model, panel CFA	LEFA, longitudinal factor analysis, repeated-measures EFA, panel EFA
相关	6	6
摘要	Longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis (longitudinal CFA) applies a theoretically specified measurement model to data collected at two or more time points. Its primary purpose is to verify that a scale measures the same latent construct in the same way over time — a prerequisite for drawing valid conclusions about change from repeated-measures data.	Longitudinal EFA applies exploratory factor analysis separately at each measurement occasion — or jointly across occasions — to discover whether the same latent factor structure emerges over time and whether factor loadings remain stable across waves. It is the foundational data-driven approach for examining structural change and continuity in panel and developmental research.