方法对比

	L = λW	离散事件仿真 (DES)
领域	运筹学	仿真
方法族	Regression model	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1961	1960s (formalized); modern computational form from 1970s onward
提出者	John D. C. Little	Banks, Carson, Nelson & Nicol (textbook lineage); foundational work by Tocher & Conway (1960s)
类型	Exact queueing identity	Stochastic process simulation
开创性文献	Little, J. D. C. (1961). A proof for the queuing formula: L = λW. Operations Research, 9(3), 383–387.	Banks, J., Carson, J.S., Nelson, B.L. & Nicol, D.M. (2010). Discrete-Event System Simulation (5th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0136062127
别名	L = λW Theorem, Little's Theorem, Little's Result, Little Yasası	DES, event-driven simulation, Ayrık Olay Simülasyonu (DES)
相关	3	4
摘要	Little's Law is a fundamental theorem in queueing theory that relates the long-run average number of items in a stable system (L) to the long-run average arrival rate (λ) and the long-run average time an item spends in the system (W), expressed as L = λW. Introduced and rigorously proved by John D. C. Little in 1961, the law holds for virtually any stable stochastic system, requiring no assumptions about arrival distributions, service distributions, or queue disciplines.	Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) is a computational modeling paradigm in which the state of a system changes only at a countable sequence of points in time — the events. Between events nothing changes, so the simulation clock jumps directly from one event to the next. Formalized through the foundational textbooks of Banks, Carson, Nelson and Nicol and of Law in the 1960s–2000s, DES has become the standard tool for analyzing queuing systems, healthcare patient flows, manufacturing lines, and logistics networks where entities move through resources over time.