方法对比

	假设检验研究	确认性研究
领域	研究设计	研究设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Early 20th century (Fisher 1925; Neyman–Pearson 1933)	1934 (Popper); widely adopted in social sciences from 1960s onward
提出者	Karl Pearson, Ronald A. Fisher, Jerzy Neyman, Egon Pearson	Karl Popper (falsificationism); formalized in behavioral sciences by Paul Meehl and others
类型	Quantitative confirmatory research design	Quantitative research design
开创性文献	Kerlinger, F. N., & Lee, H. B. (1986). Foundations of Behavioral Research (3rd ed.). Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 978-0030417603	Popper, K. R. (1959). The Logic of Scientific Discovery. Hutchinson. ISBN: 978-0415278447
别名	hypothetico-deductive research, confirmatory quantitative research, null hypothesis significance testing, NHST design	hypothesis-testing research, deductive research, theory-testing research, confirmatory study
相关	4	4
摘要	Hypothesis testing research is a quantitative design in which the investigator derives one or more explicit, falsifiable propositions from theory, translates them into a null hypothesis (H0) and an alternative hypothesis (H1), collects empirical data, and then applies an inferential statistical test to decide whether the evidence is sufficient to reject H0. The approach is the dominant paradigm for confirmatory science across the social, behavioral, health, and natural sciences.	Confirmatory research is a deductive quantitative design in which the researcher specifies hypotheses derived from existing theory before data collection, then tests whether the data support or refute those hypotheses. Unlike exploratory approaches that generate ideas from data, confirmatory research begins with an established theoretical framework, pre-registers predictions, and applies statistical tests to evaluate those predictions against empirical evidence. It is the backbone of hypothesis-driven social, behavioral, and health science inquiry.