方法对比
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| 层级描述性研究× | 分层抽样× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域≠ | 研究设计 | 调查方法论 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1980s–1990s (multilevel descriptive formalization) | 1977 |
| 提出者≠ | Formalized within survey and educational research traditions; associated with Hox, Raudenbush, Bryk, and Creswell | William G. Cochran |
| 类型≠ | Quantitative observational/descriptive design | Probability-based survey sampling design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Hox, J. J. (2010). Multilevel Analysis: Techniques and Applications (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1848728455 | Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-16240-7 |
| 别名 | multilevel descriptive design, nested descriptive study, hierarchical survey design, stratified descriptive research | Proportional Stratified Sampling, Optimal Allocation Sampling, Stratum-Based Sampling, Tabakalı Örnekleme |
| 相关≠ | 4 | 2 |
| 摘要≠ | Hierarchical descriptive research is an observational design that documents the current state of a phenomenon across two or more nested levels — for example, students within classrooms within schools, or employees within teams within organizations. Rather than testing hypotheses or explaining causation, it describes distributions, frequencies, and relationships at each level, making explicit the structured, layered nature of the population being studied. | Stratified sampling is a probability sampling design in which the target population is partitioned into non-overlapping, exhaustive subgroups called strata, and independent probability samples are drawn within each stratum. Formalized by William G. Cochran in Sampling Techniques (1977), the method exploits known population structure to reduce variance and guarantee representativeness of all major subgroups, making it a cornerstone of large-scale survey research and official statistics. |
| ScholarGate数据集 ↗ |
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