方法对比

	启发式评估	树测试
领域	人机交互	人机交互
方法族	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
起源年份	1990	2000s
提出者	Jakob Nielsen and Rolf Molich	Usability Professionals
类型	Expert-based inspection using established design principles	Task-based testing of navigation structures
开创性文献	Nielsen, J. (1994). Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 249–256).	Tullis, T., Fleischman, S., McNulty, M., Ciccone, C., & Bergel, M. (2002). An empirical comparison of lab and remote usability testing of web sites. In Proceedings of the Usability Professionals Association Annual Conference.
别名	HE, Expert Evaluation, Nielsen's Heuristics	Reverse Card Sort, Card Sorting Validation
相关	4	4
摘要	Heuristic Evaluation is a usability inspection method in which small teams of expert evaluators examine an interface and judge its compliance with established usability principles (heuristics). Developed by Jakob Nielsen and Rolf Molich in 1990, this method is rapid and low-cost, identifying 60–90% of usability problems with as few as 3–5 evaluators. Nielsen's Ten Usability Heuristics—visibility of system status, match between system and real world, user control and freedom, consistency and standards, error prevention and recovery, recognition over recall, flexibility and efficiency, aesthetic and minimalist design, error recovery, and documentation—form the basis of most evaluations.	Tree Testing is a quantitative, task-based validation method for evaluating information architecture and navigation structures. Users are presented with a text-only representation of a website or app hierarchy (a tree) and asked to locate specific items or complete tasks by clicking through the structure. Unlike card sorting, which reveals user mental models during design, tree testing validates whether a proposed structure allows users to find items efficiently. The method captures success rate, time-to-completion, and paths taken, providing metrics for comparing navigation designs.