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| 重金属形态分析× | 生态毒理学测试× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 环境工程 | 环境工程 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1979 | 1975 |
| 提出者≠ | Tessier and hydrogeochemists | EPA and OECD |
| 类型≠ | analytical and geochemical modeling pipeline | experimental measurement and analysis pipeline |
| 开创性文献≠ | Tessier, A., Campbell, P. G. C., & Bisson, M. (1979). Sequential Extraction Procedure for the Speciation of Particulate Trace Metals. Analytical Chemistry, 51(7), 844–851. DOI ↗ | OECD. (2011). Test Guidelines for Chemicals. OECD Publishing. link ↗ |
| 别名 | metal speciation, metal partitioning, bioavailability assessment, speciation analysis | toxicity testing, aquatic bioassay, ecotoxicity assessment, organism exposure testing |
| 相关 | 3 | 3 |
| 摘要≠ | Heavy metal speciation is the analytical and geochemical determination of the chemical forms (species) and partitioning of toxic metals (lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, copper) in soil, sediment, and water. Metal bioavailability—the fraction accessible to organisms—depends critically on speciation: metal bound to soil organic matter or iron oxides is immobile and non-bioavailable; dissolved or exchangeable metal is highly bioavailable and toxic. Speciation assessment informs remediation design, risk assessment, and contaminant fate prediction. | Ecotoxicological testing is a suite of standardized laboratory and field methods to assess the toxicity of chemical substances to aquatic and terrestrial organisms (fish, invertebrates, algae, plants, soil fauna). Developed by regulatory agencies (OECD, EPA, EMEA) since the 1970s, these tests measure lethal concentration (LC50, EC50) and sublethal endpoints (growth, reproduction, behavior) under controlled conditions. Ecotoxicological data support chemical hazard classification, environmental risk assessment, and regulatory approval of new substances. |
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