方法对比

	Grit Scale	康纳-戴维森韧性量表	Utrecht Work Engagement Scale
领域	社会心理学	社会心理学	社会心理学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2007	2003	2002
提出者	Angela Duckworth	Kathryn Connor and Jonathan Davidson	Wilmar Schaufeli, Arnold Bakker, and Marisa Salanova
类型	Perseverance and long-term goal commitment measure	Psychological resilience and stress coping measure	Occupational well-being and engagement scale
开创性文献	Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1087–1101.	Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82.	Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92.
别名	GRIT, Perseverance and Passion Scale, Duckworth Grit Scale	CD-RISC, Connor-Davidson Scale, Resilience Scale	UWES, Work Engagement Scale, Schaufeli Work Engagement
相关	3	3	3
摘要	The Grit Scale is a 12-item measure assessing grit—the combination of perseverance (sustained effort despite obstacles) and passion (consistent interest and commitment) for long-term goals. Developed by Angela Duckworth and colleagues in 2007, the GRIT operationalizes grit as a distinct personality construct predicting achievement in challenging domains. The measure has become widely used in educational and organizational research examining how motivation and persistence relate to success and well-being.	The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is a 25-item self-report measure of psychological resilience—the capacity to cope with stress, adversity, and trauma while maintaining psychological functioning. Developed by Kathryn Connor and Jonathan Davidson in 2003, the CD-RISC operationalizes resilience as a multidimensional construct encompassing personal competence, trust in instincts, positive adaptation, and meaning-making. A brief 10-item version (CD-RISC-10) is also widely available. The scale has become standard in clinical research on trauma, anxiety, depression, and recovery from adversity.	The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) is a 17-item instrument measuring work engagement—a positive, fulfilling psychological state characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption in work. Developed by Wilmar Schaufeli and colleagues in 2002, the UWES operationalizes engagement as the positive antipode to burnout, reflecting energetic involvement, strong commitment, and deep focus in occupational tasks. The scale has become the standard measure for assessing work engagement in organizational research and occupational health.