方法对比

	拟合优度检验	R平方 (R²)
领域	模型评估	模型评估
方法族	MCDM	MCDM
起源年份	1900	1896
提出者	Karl Pearson	Karl Pearson
类型	Hypothesis testing framework for model adequacy	Goodness-of-fit metric
开创性文献	Pearson, K. (1900). On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable in the case of a correlated system of variables is such that it can be reasonably supposed to have arisen from random sampling. Philosophical Magazine, 50(302), 157-175.	Pearson, K. (1896). Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 187, 253-318.
别名	goodness of fit test, GOF test, model fit assessment	R², coefficient of determination, r2 score
相关	4	5
摘要	Goodness-of-fit (GOF) testing is a framework for assessing whether observed data are consistent with a hypothesized probability distribution or model. Originating from Karl Pearson's chi-square test (1900), GOF tests quantify the discrepancy between data and model predictions, yielding p-values to judge whether observed deviations are statistically significant or due to random chance.	The coefficient of determination, denoted R², measures the proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by the independent variables in a regression model. Introduced by Karl Pearson in the late 19th century, R² is one of the most widely used metrics for assessing how well a model fits observed data.